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Some men who have a testosterone deficiency have symptoms or conditions related to their low testosterone that will improve when they take testosterone replacement. Also, as men get older, their livers make more sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which binds to testosterone circulating in the bloodstream. In fact, as men age, testosterone levels drop very gradually, about 1% to 2% each year — unlike the relatively rapid drop in estrogen that causes menopause. Women with high testosterone levels, due to either disease or drug use, may experience a decrease in breast size and deepening of the voice, in addition to many of the problems men may have.
"There’s been increasing attention to it," says Dr. Kathleen Jordan, chief medical officer of Midi Health, a virtual care clinic focused on navigating perimenopause and menopause. She’s also lost 6% of her body fat since starting TRT—and her libido improved. "The cognitive effects were very dramatic," she says; it quickly resolved her brain fog and memory problems. Your clinician will order the appropriate blood tests and review results with you to determine eligibility.
It is one of the most abundant circulating steroids in the human body during your twenties, and one of the most steadily declining ones after that. It sits upstream from both testosterone and estrogen, serving as a raw material that your tissues can convert into sex steroids depending on what the local environment demands. DHEA, or dehydroepiandrosterone, is produced primarily by the adrenal glands and holds a unique position in your body's hormonal hierarchy. Some however do note having a harder time sleeping, which can sometimes be the case if they're less exhausted.
Some research suggests that DHEA may influence the body's stress response and cortisol rhythm, particularly the late-evening and early-morning cortisol patterns that can cause nighttime awakenings or early-morning jolting. This is why some men, and some clinicians, refer to sleep as the multiplier. If sleep is broken, every other hormonal intervention works at a disadvantage.
This theory may explain why testosterone does not directly cause prostate cancer, but it has been shown to accelerate the development of prostate cancer.24,25 Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a widely used treatment for men with symptomatic hypogonadism. For men with a history of prostate concerns, hormone-sensitive conditions, mood disorders, or sleep apnea, the risk-benefit calculation shifts considerably. Most TRT protocols focus narrowly on testosterone levels, which makes sense clinically, but it leaves the adrenal side of the hormone picture largely untouched. Most men on testosterone replacement therapy expect to feel like a new person, and many do, until they notice that sleep is still broken, mornings still feel heavy, and something they can't quite name is still missing.